CHEST RADIOLOGY / REVIEW PAPER
X-ray velocimetry in dynamic imaging: a systematic overview of approaches
1
Yenepoya School of Allied Health Sciences, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Mangalore, India
2
Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte Institute of Allied Health Sciences (NIAHS), Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Mangalore, India
Submission date: 2025-03-01
Acceptance date: 2025-03-14
Publication date: 2025-06-16
Pol J Radiol, 2025; 90: 307-315
KEYWORDS
X-ray imagingfluid flow measurementdynamic imagingtomographic techniquesairflow dynamicsflow analysis
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
X-ray velocimetry (XV) is a novel imaging technique that allows for real-time viewing and dynamic analysis of air and blood flow. Traditional imaging techniques frequently cannot capture high-resolution, real-time flow patterns, which limits their diagnostic utility. This evaluation assesses the efficacy and dependability of XV compared to traditional imaging techniques. Our principal aim was to conduct a systematic review of studies that compare the accuracy of dynamic flow measurements of XV in comparison to existing imaging methods. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA criteria. Fourteen papers from indexed journals, including ScienceDirect and PubMed, were examined to determine the benefits of XV for capturing dynamic flow patterns. The data show that XV outperforms traditional imaging techniques by providing higher spatial and temporal resolution, allowing for exact tracking of airflow and blood flow dynamics. These enhanced visuals help to improve diagnosis accuracy and comprehension of physiological processes. XV is a significant improvement in medical imaging, providing real-time, high-resolution insights that help with patient evaluation and clinical decision-making. Its application may improve diagnostic capabilities and patient outcomes in pulmonary and vascular examinations.
REFERENCES (54)
1.
Chen JR, Chen QQ, Zhou JX, Zhou YM. Lung imaging. In: Respiratory Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation. Zhou JX, Chen GQ, Li HL, Zhang L (eds.). Singapore: Springer; 2021, pp. 127-176.
2.
O’Brien C. Physiological and radiological characterisation of patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care. Thorax 2000; 55: 635-642.
3.
Wittram C, Kalra MK, Maher MM, Greenfield A, McLoud TC, Shepard JO. Acute and chronic pulmonary emboli: angiography – CT correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 186: S421-S429.
4.
Hansell DM. Imaging the lungs with computed tomography. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 2000; 19: 71-79.
5.
Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, Cao Y, Alwalid O, Gu J, et al. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20: 425-434.
6.
Biederer J. MRI of pulmonary nodules: technique and diagnostic value. Cancer Imaging 2008; 8: 125-130.
7.
Gargani L, Volpicelli G. How I do it: lung ultrasound. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2014; 12: 25. DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-12-25.
8.
Berthezène Y, Vexler V, Clément O, Mühler A, Moseley ME, Brasch RC. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the lung: assessments of ventilation and perfusion. Radiology 1992; 183: 667-672.
9.
Kazerooni EA. High-resolution CT of the lungs. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001; 177: 501-519.
10.
Yeo JH, Zhou L, Lim R. Indeterminate CT pulmonary angiogram: why and does it matter? J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2017; 61: 18-23.
11.
Tsubata H, Nakanishi N, Itatani K, Takigami M, Matsubara Y, Ogo T, et al. Pulmonary artery blood flow dynamics in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Sci Rep 2023; 13: 6490. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33727-6.
12.
Glady CA, Aaron SD, Lunau M, Clinch J, Dales RE. A spirometrybased algorithm to direct lung function testing in the pulmonary function laboratory. Chest 2003; 123: 1939-1946.
13.
Regan EA, Lynch DA, Curran-Everett D, Curtis JL, Austin JHM, Grenier PA, et al. Clinical and radiologic disease in smokers with normal spirometry. JAMA Intern Med 2015; 175: 1539-1549.
14.
Coxson HO. Quantitative computed tomography assessment of airway wall dimensions: current status and potential applications for phenotyping chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5: 940-945.
15.
Kirkness JP, Dusting J, Eikelis N, Pirakalathanan P, DeMarco J, Shiao SL, et al. Association of X-ray velocimetry (XV) ventilation analysis compared to spirometry. Front Med Technol 2023; 5: 1148310. DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.1148310.
16.
Tombleson AE, Grealis K, Otvos T, Kirkness JP, Fouras A, Punjabi NM, et al. Validation of X-ray velocimetry with pneumotachograph to assess respiratory physiology. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 207: A1045. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.... 2023.207.1_MeetingAbstracts.A1045.
17.
Reyne N, Smith R, Cmielewski P, Eikelis N, Lawrence M, Louise J, et al. Assessment of respiratory mechanics and X-ray velocimetry functional imaging in two cystic fibrosis rat models. Sci Rep 2024; 14: 21646. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71632-8.
18.
Jamison RA, Siu KKW, Dubsky S, Armitage JA, Fouras A. X-ray velocimetry within the ex vivo carotid artery. J Synchrotron Radiat 2012; 19: 1050-1055.
19.
Jamison RA, Dubsky S, Siu KKW, Hourigan K, Fouras A. X-ray velocimetry and haemodynamic forces within a stenosed femoral model at physiological flow rates. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39: 1643-1653.
20.
Dubsky S, Jamison RA, Higgins SPA, Siu KKW, Hourigan K, Fouras A. Computed tomographic X-ray velocimetry for simultaneous 3D measurement of velocity and geometry in opaque vessels. Exp Fluids2012; 52: 543-554.
21.
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021; 372: n71. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71.
22.
Dusting J, Stephens O, Wenger D, Doshi C, Demarco J, Martin C, et al. First-in-human validation of x-ray velocimetry demonstrates superior sensitivity over spirometry and ct for quantification of regional lung function. Chest 2020; 158: A1393-A1394.
23.
Raoof S, Shah M, Braman S, Agrawal A, Allaqaband H, Bowler R, et al. Lung imaging in COPD. Part 2: Emerging concepts. Chest 2023; 164: 339-354.
24.
Bruorton M, Donnelley M, Goddard T, O’Connor A, Parsons D, Phillips J, et al. Pilot study of paediatric regional lung function assessment via X-ray velocimetry (XV) imaging in children with normal lungs and in children with cystic fibrosis. BMJ Open 2024; 14: e080034. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080034.
25.
Thurgood J, Dubsky S, Uesugi K, Curtis M, Samarage CR, Thompson B, et al. Imaging lung tissue oscillations using high-speed X-ray velocimetry. J Synchrotron Radiat 2016; 23: 324-330.
26.
Murrie RP, Morgan KS, Maksimenko A, Fouras A, Paganin DM, Hall C, et al. Live small-animal X-ray lung velocimetry and lung micro-tomography at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline. J Synchrotron Radiat 2015; 22: 1049-1055.
27.
Werdiger F, Donnelley M, Dubsky S, Murrie RP, Carnibella RP, Samarage CR, et al. Quantification of muco-obstructive lung disease variability in mice via laboratory X-ray velocimetry. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 10859. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67633-y.
28.
Murrie RP, Paganin DM, Fouras A, Morgan KS. Phase contrast x-ray velocimetry of small animal lungs: optimising imaging rates. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7: 79-92.
29.
Goonan GW, Fouras A, Dubsky S. Array-source X-ray velocimetry. Opt Express 2018; 26: 935-950.
30.
Dubsky S, Jamison RA, Irvine SC, Siu KKW, Hourigan K, Fouras A. Computed tomographic x-ray velocimetry. Appl Phys Lett 2010; 96: 023702. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3285....
31.
Siddharthan T, Grealis K, Kirkness JP, Ötvös T, Stefanovski D, Tombleson A, et al. Quantifying ventilation by X-ray velocimetry in healthy adults. Respir Res 2023; 24: 215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931....
32.
Agusti A, Fabbri LM, Baraldi E, Celli B, Corradi M, Faner R, et al. Spirometry: a practical lifespan predictor of global health and chronic respiratory and non-respiratory diseases. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 89: 3-9.
34.
Scanlon PD, Niven AS. Respiratory testing and function. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 1st ed. Elsevier; 2022, pp. 528-533.
35.
Tian C, Xiong S, Li S, Song X, Zhang Y, Jiang X, et al. Spirometry in the diagnosis of cough variant asthma in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59: 291-299.
36.
Ruppel GL, Carlin BW, Hart M, Doherty DE. Office spirometry in primary care for the diagnosis and management of COPD: National Lung Health Education Program Update. Respir Care 2018; 63: 242-252.
37.
Barnes T, Fromer L. Spirometry use: detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the primary care setting. Clin Interv Aging 2011; 6: 47-52.
38.
Au L, Chan H. Severity of airflow limitation, co-morbidities and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients acutely admitted to hospital. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19: 498-503.
39.
Schermer T, Eaton T, Pauwels R, van Weel C. Spirometry in primary care: is it good enough to face demands like World COPD Day? Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 725-727.
40.
Herring B, Lowen D, Ho P, Hodgson R. A systematic review of venous thromboembolism mechanical prophylaxis devices during surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408: 410. DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-03142-6.
41.
Zhu Y, Yip R, Zhang J, Cai Q, Sun Q, Li P, et al. Radiologic features of nodules attached to the mediastinal or diaphragmatic pleura at low-dose CT for lung cancer screening. Radiology 2024; 310: e231219. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231219.
42.
Lee JE, Chae KJ, Suh YJ, Jeong WG, Lee T, Kim YH, et al. Prevalence and long-term outcomes of CT interstitial lung abnormalities in a health screening cohort. Radiology 2023; 306: e221172. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.221172.
43.
Hendrick RE, Smith RA. Benefit-to-radiation-risk of low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening. Cancer 2024; 130: 216-223.
44.
Baig M, Gilbert G, Almansoor Z, Agrawal S, Junejo S, Raja Y. Is CT coronary angiography (CTCA) a new gold standard for diagnosis of coronary artery disease? Comparison of CTCA and invasive coronary angiography (ICA). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2023; 17: S11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2023.01.027.
45.
Vaghi M, Ianniello A. CT and CT angiogram in the diagnosis of congenital vascular malformations. In: Kim YW, Lee BB, Yakes W, Do YS (eds.). Congenital Vascular Malformations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2017, pp. 161-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
46.
Sanelli PC, Mifsud MJ, Stieg PE. Role of CT angiography in guiding management decisions of newly diagnosed and residual arteriovenous malformations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004; 183: 1123-1126.
47.
Goo HW, Kim H, Goo JM. Basics and clinical application of CT for pulmonary functional evaluation. In: Ohno Y, Hatabu H, Kauczor HU (eds.). Pulmonary Functional Imaging. Medical Radiology. Cham: Springer; 2021, pp. 21-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
48.
Bommart S, Marin G, Bourdin A, Molinari N, Klein F, Hayot M, et al. Relationship between CT air trapping criteria and lung function in small airway impairment quantification. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14: 29. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-29.
49.
Neglia D, Rovai D, Caselli C, Pietila M, Teresinska A, AguadéBruix S, et al. Detection of significant coronary artery disease by noninvasive anatomical and functional imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8: e002179. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.114.002179.
50.
Budoff MJ. The 2016 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for chest pain: better outcomes with cardiac CT. Heart 2018; 104: 186-187.
51.
Dubsky S, Jamison R, Higgins S, Siu K, Hourigan K, Fouras A. Computed tomographic X-ray velocimetry for simultaneous 3D measurement of velocity and geometry in opaque vessels. Exp Fluids 2012; 52: 543-554.
52.
Mäkiharju SA, Dewanckele J, Boone M, Wagner C, Griesser A. Tomographic X-ray particle tracking velocimetry. Exp Fluids 2021; 63: 16. DOI: 10.1007/s00348-021-03362-w.
53.
Parker JT, Dreier T, Nilsson D, Mäkiharju SA. In-lab X-ray particle velocimetry for multiphase flows: design principles and demonstration of O(1 kHz) XPV. Flow Meas Instrum 2024; 96: 102536. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flow....
54.
Kirkness JP, Kirbach H, Otvos T, et al. X-ray velocimetry (XV) assessment of regional ventilation in non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (abstract). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209: A4435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm....
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
